Code Snippets: ruby

Search and replace keywords within many files

Sat, 11 Oct 2008 15:43:52 -0700

# search and replace all text files in the temp directory replacing the word 'five' with 'six'

glob_path, exp_search, exp_replace = 'temp/*.txt','five', 'six'

Dir.glob(glob_path).each do |file| 

  buffer = File.new(file,'r').read.gsub(/#{exp_search}/,exp_replace)

  File.open(file,'w') {|fw| fw.write(buffer)}

end

output before:

more t*.txt
::::::::::::::
t1.txt
::::::::::::::
123 five 789
::::::::::::::
t2.txt
::::::::::::::
123 four 6789
::::::::::::::
t3.txt
::::::::::::::
123 ... five five four three

output after:

more t*.txt
::::::::::::::
t1.txt
::::::::::::::
123 six 789
::::::::::::::
t2.txt
::::::::::::::
123 four 6789
::::::::::::::
t3.txt
::::::::::::::
123 ... six six four three

Fun with grep in Ruby

Sat, 11 Oct 2008 14:44:09 -0700

# a basic string search

>> f = "fun sun dog"



>> puts f.grep('sun')

=> nil



>> puts f.grep(/sun/)

=> fun sun dog



>> f = "fun Sun dog"



>> puts f.grep(/sun/i)  # case-insensistive

=> fun Sun dog

# search a range of numbers in an array

>> numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9]

>> numbers.grep(3..6)

=> [3, 4, 5, 6]

# search a range of dates

>> dates = [Date.new(2000, 1, 1), Date.new(2002, 2, 2), Date.new(2004, 3, 3), Date.new(2006, 4, 4)]



=> ["2002-02-02", "2004-03-03"]

# searching for a base class

>> class Base;end

=> nil

>> class Child1 => nil

>> class Child2 => nil

>> class NotAChild;end

>> => nil

>> objects = [Child1.new, NotAChild.new, Child2.new]

=> [#, #, #]



>> objects.grep(Base)

=> [#, #]

# search all Ruby files in the temp directory containing the word 'ruby'

exp_search ='ruby'

>> Dir.glob('temp/*.rb').each {|file| File.readlines(file).each {|l| l.grep(/#{exp_search}/).each {|r| puts file + ' : ' + r}} }



temp/hello.rb : #!/usr/bin/ruby

temp/jabber_bot.rb : require 'rubygems'

temp/jabber_bot.rb : require 'ruby-debug'

=> ["temp/hello.rb", "temp/jabber_bot.rb"]

Resource:
- Getting to Know the Ruby Core Classes: Enumerable#grep - O'Reilly Ruby [oreillynet.com]

HANDY ONE-LINERS FOR RUBY

Sat, 11 Oct 2008 13:44:04 -0700

Source: http://www.fepus.net/ruby1line.txt [fepus.net]

HANDY ONE-LINERS FOR RUBY November 16, 2005
compiled by David P Thomas version 1.0

Latest version of this file can be found at:
http://www.fepus.net/ruby1line.txt

Last Updated: Wed Nov 16 08:35:02 CST 2005

FILE SPACING:

# double space a file

    $  ruby -pe 'puts' 

# triple space a file

    $  ruby -pe '2.times {puts}' 

# undo double-spacing (w/ and w/o whitespace in lines)

    $  ruby -lne 'BEGIN{$/="\n\n"}; puts $_'     $  ruby -ne 'BEGIN{$/="\n\n"}; puts $_.chomp'     $  ruby -e 'puts STDIN.readlines.to_s.gsub(/\n\n/, "\n")' 



NUMBERING:



# number each line of a file (left justified).

    $  ruby -ne 'printf("%-6s%s", $., $_)' 

# number each line of a file (right justified).

    $  ruby -ne 'printf("%6s%s", $., $_)' 

# number each line of a file, only print non-blank lines

    $  ruby -e 'while gets; end; puts $.' 

# count lines (emulates 'wc -l')

    $  ruby -ne 'END {puts $.}'     $  ruby -e 'while gets; end; puts $.' 



TEXT CONVERSION AND SUBSTITUTION:



# convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format (LF)

# - strip newline regardless; re-print with unix EOL

    $  ruby -ne 'BEGIN{$\="\n"}; print $_.chomp' 



# convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format (CR/LF)

# - strip newline regardless; re-print with dos EOL

    $  ruby -ne 'BEGIN{$\="\r\n"}; print $_.chomp' 



# delete leading whitespace (spaces/tabs/etc) from beginning of each line

    $  ruby -pe 'gsub(/^\s+/, "")' 



# delete trailing whitespace (spaces/tabs/etc) from end of each line

# - strip newline regardless; replace with default platform record separator

    $  ruby -pe 'gsub(/\s+$/, $/)' 



# delete BOTH leading and trailing whitespace from each line

    $  ruby -pe 'gsub(/^\s+/, "").gsub(/\s+$/, $/)' 



# insert 5 blank spaces at the beginning of each line (ie. page offset)

    $  ruby -pe 'gsub(/%/, "   ")'     FAILS! $  ruby -pe 'gsub(/%/, 5.times{putc " "})' 



# align all text flush right on a 79-column width

    $  ruby -ne 'printf("%79s", $_)' 



# center all text in middle of 79-column width

    $  ruby -ne 'puts $_.chomp.center(79)'     $  ruby -lne 'puts $_.center(79)' 



# substitute (find and replace) "foo" with "bar" on each line

    $  ruby -pe 'gsub(/foo/, "bar")' 



# substitute "foo" with "bar" ONLY for lines which contain "baz"

    $  ruby -pe 'gsub(/foo/, "bar") if $_ =~ /baz/' 



# substitute "foo" with "bar" EXCEPT for lines which contain "baz"

    $  ruby -pe 'gsub(/foo/, "bar") unless $_ =~ /baz/' 



# substitute "foo" or "bar" or "baz".... with "baq"

    $  ruby -pe 'gsub(/(foo|bar|baz)/, "baq")' 



# reverse order of lines (emulates 'tac') IMPROVE

    $  ruby -ne 'BEGIN{@arr=Array.new}; @arr.push $_; END{puts @arr.reverse}' 



# reverse each character on the line (emulates 'rev')

    $  ruby -ne 'puts $_.chomp.reverse'     $  ruby -lne 'puts $_.reverse' 



# join pairs of lines side-by-side (like 'paste')

    $  ruby -pe '$_ = $_.chomp + " " + gets if $. % 2' 



# if a line ends with a backslash, append the next line to it

    $  ruby -pe 'while $_.match(/\\$/); $_ = $_.chomp.chop + gets; end'     $  ruby -e 'puts STDIN.readlines.to_s.gsub(/\\\n/, "")' 



# if a line begins with an equal sign, append it to the previous line (Unix)

    $  ruby -e 'puts STDIN.readlines.to_s.gsub(/\n=/, "")' 



# add a blank line every 5 lines (after lines 5, 10, 15, etc)

    $  ruby -pe 'puts if $. % 6 == 0' 



SELECTIVE PRINTING OF CERTAIN LINES



# print first 10 lines of a file (emulate 'head')

    $  ruby -pe 'exit if $. > 10' 



# print first line of a file (emulate 'head -1')

    $  ruby -pe 'puts $_; exit' 



# print the last 10 lines of a file (emulate 'tail'); NOTE reads entire file!

    $  ruby -e 'puts STDIN.readlines.reverse!.slice(0,10).reverse!' 



# print the last 2 lines of a file (emulate 'tail -2'); NOTE reads entire file!

    $  ruby -e 'puts STDIN.readlines.reverse!.slice(0,2).reverse!' 



# print the last line of a file (emulates 'tail -1')

    $  ruby -ne 'line = $_; END {puts line}' 



# print only lines that match a regular expression (emulates 'grep')

    $  ruby -pe 'next unless $_ =~ /regexp/' 



# print only lines that DO NOT match a regular expression (emulates 'grep')

    $  ruby -pe 'next if $_ =~ /regexp/' 



# print the line immediately before a regexp, but not the regex matching line

    $  ruby -ne 'puts @prev if $_ =~ /regex/; @prev = $_;' 



# print the line immediately after a regexp, but not the regex matching line

    $  ruby -ne 'puts $_ if @prev =~ /regex/; @prev = $_;' 



# grep for foo AND bar AND baz (in any order)

    $  ruby -pe 'next unless $_ =~ /foo/ && $_ =~ /bar/ && $_ =~ /baz/' 



# grep for foo AND bar AND baz (in order)

    $  ruby -pe 'next unless $_ =~ /foo.*bar.*baz/' 



# grep for foo OR bar OR baz

    $  ruby -pe 'next unless $_ =~ /(foo|bar|baz)/' 



# print paragraph if it contains regexp; blank lines separate paragraphs

    $  ruby -ne 'BEGIN{$/="\n\n"}; print $_ if $_ =~ /regexp/' 



# print paragraph if it contains foo AND bar AND baz (in any order); blank lines separate paragraphs

    $  ruby -ne 'BEGIN{$/="\n\n"}; print $_ if $_ =~ /foo/ && $_ =~ /bar/ && $_ =~ /baz/' 



# print paragraph if it contains foo AND bar AND baz (in order); blank lines separate paragraphs

    $  ruby -ne 'BEGIN{$/="\n\n"}; print $_ if $_ =~ /(foo.*bar.*baz)/' 



# print paragraph if it contains foo OR bar OR baz; blank lines separate paragraphs

    $  ruby -ne 'BEGIN{$/="\n\n"}; print $_ if $_ =~ /(foo|bar|baz)/' 



# print only lines of 65 characters or greater

    $  ruby -pe 'next unless $_.chomp.length >= 65'     $  ruby -lpe 'next unless $_.length >= 65' 



# print only lines of 65 characters or less

    $  ruby -pe 'next unless $_.chomp.length     $  ruby -lpe 'next unless $_.length 



# print section of file from regex to end of file

    $  ruby -pe '@found=true if $_ =~ /regex/; next unless @found' 



# print section of file based on line numbers (eg. lines 2-7 inclusive)

    $  ruby -pe 'next unless $. >= 2 && $. = 4 && $. % 3 == 0' 



# print section of file between two regular expressions, /foo/ and /bar/

    $  ruby -ne '@found=true if $_ =~ /foo/; next unless @found; puts $_; exit if $_ =~ /bar/' 



SELECTIVE DELETION OF CERTAIN LINES



# print all of file except between two regular expressions, /foo/ and /bar/

    $  ruby -ne '@found = true if $_ =~ /foo/; puts $_ unless @found; @found = false if $_ =~ /bar/' 



# print file and remove duplicate, consecutive lines from a file (emulates 'uniq')

    $  ruby -ne 'puts $_ unless $_ == @prev; @prev = $_' 



# print file and remove duplicate, non-consecutive lines from a file (careful of memory!)

    $  ruby -e 'puts STDIN.readlines.sort.uniq!.to_s' 



# print file except for first 10 lines

    $  ruby -pe 'next if $.



Search and replace filenames using Ruby
Sat, 11 Oct 2008 07:28:31 -0700
This script searches and replaces file names within a file directory.





#!/usr/bin/ruby

#file: bulkrenamefiles.rb



class BulkRenameFiles

  def initialize(h)

    h[:dir] = '.' if [:dir].empty?



    files = Dir.entries(h[:dir])



    files.each do |f|

      next if f == "." or f == ".."

      oldFile = h[:dir] + "/" + f

      newFile = h[:dir] + "/" + f.gsub(/#{h[:exp_search]}/,h[:exp_replace])

      File.rename(oldFile, newFile)

    end

  end

end



if __FILE__ == $0 then

  brf = BulkRenameFiles.new(:dir => '.', :exp_search => '^_', :exp_replace => '')

end





output before:

-rwxr-xr-x 1 apache apache  178 Aug  2 16:29 class_template.xml

-rwxr-xr-x 1 apache apache  106 Aug  2 16:29 _tasks_data_template.xml

-rwxr-xr-x 1 apache apache  100 Aug  2 19:31 _tasks_today.xml

-rwxr-xr-x 1 apache apache  909 Aug  2 19:31 _tasks.xsl

-rwxr-xr-x 1 apache apache  106 Aug  2 19:56 _tasks2_data.xml

-rw-r--r-- 1 apache apache  267 Aug  2 22:43 _tasks.xml

-rwxr-xr-x 1 apache apache   56 Aug  5 02:10 _tasks_template.xml

-rwxr-xr-x 1 apache apache 2686 Aug  8 19:53 index.xml

-rwxr-xr-x 1 apache apache 2685 Aug  8 19:53 _tasks_data.xml



output after:



-rwxr-xr-x 1 apache apache  106 Aug  2 16:29 tasks_data_template.xml

-rwxr-xr-x 1 apache apache  178 Aug  2 16:29 class_template.xml

-rwxr-xr-x 1 apache apache  100 Aug  2 19:31 tasks_today.xml

-rwxr-xr-x 1 apache apache  909 Aug  2 19:31 tasks.xsl

-rwxr-xr-x 1 apache apache  106 Aug  2 19:56 tasks2_data.xml

-rw-r--r-- 1 apache apache  267 Aug  2 22:43 tasks.xml

-rwxr-xr-x 1 apache apache   56 Aug  5 02:10 tasks_template.xml

-rwxr-xr-x 1 apache apache 2685 Aug  8 19:53 tasks_data.xml

-rwxr-xr-x 1 apache apache 2686 Aug  8 19:53 index.xml



Source: Renaming files using ruby! - by Ruby on Rails [rubyonrailsexamples.com]


Running netstat in a Ruby system command
Fri, 10 Oct 2008 02:10:28 -0700
Source: Running another process - netstat example - Ruby example [wellho.net]





fhi = IO.popen("netstat 3")

while (line = fhi.gets)

      print line

        print "and"

end





extract from the output :



Active Internet connections (w/o servers)

andProto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State    

   

andtcp        0      0 kataia.local:41981      92-236-96-2:xmpp-client ESTABLISH

ED 

andtcp        0      0 kataia.local:46000      ec2-75-101-229-77.c:www TIME_WAIT

   

andtcp        0      0 kataia.local:36042      192.168.1.107:6600      ESTABLISH

ED 

andtcp        0      0 kataia.local:60859      ec2-67-202-19-236.c:www TIME_WAIT

...

andunix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11570    /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket

andunix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11569

andunix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11540    /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket

andunix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11539

andunix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    11535

andunix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11518

andunix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11517

andunix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    11494




Ping all nodes on the LAN subnet
Thu, 09 Oct 2008 18:09:53 -0700
This Ruby script attempts to ping all machines on the network 192.168.1.x and then save  the results in an XML file.





#!/usr/bin/ruby

#file: pingall.rb



require 'ping'

require 'prettyxml'

require 'rexml/document'

include REXML



ip_prefix = '192.168.1.'

file_template = File.new('network_nodes_template.xml','r')

buffer = file_template.read

doc = Document.new(buffer)

(1..254).each do |i| 



  Thread.new do

    doc.root.elements["records/node[#{i}]/active"].text = 'y'  if Ping.pingecho(ip_prefix + i.to_s, 1)

  end



end



file = File.new('ping_results.xml','w')

file.puts doc.pretty

file.close





output extract from ping_results.xml:





  

  

    

      192.168.1.1

      n

    

    

      192.168.1.2

      n

    

    

      192.168.1.3

      n

    

...

    

      192.168.1.101

      n

    

    

      192.168.1.102

      y

    

    

      192.168.1.103

      y

    

...

    

      192.168.1.253

      n

    

    

      192.168.1.254

      y

    

  







References:

 - Ruby Threading [dzone.com]

 - Pretty Print XML using Ruby [dzone.com]


Capture matching Regex results into variables in 1 line of code
Thu, 09 Oct 2008 18:09:53 -0700

>> firstname, lastname = line1.match(/(\w+),\s+(\w+)/).captures

=> ["David", "Smith"]

>> firstname

=> "David"

>> lastname

=> "Smith"






Log calls to require in ruby
Thu, 09 Oct 2008 18:09:53 -0700
// description of your code here





require 'logger'

  

class Object

  def require(file_name)        

    output = "requiring #{file_name}"    

    puts output   

    log = Logger.new(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'required.log'))        

    log.debug(output)     

    super

  end  

end




Determine the operating system in Ruby
Thu, 09 Oct 2008 18:09:53 -0700
This code runs on RUBY_PLATFORM which returns the platform the active copy of ruby was

compiled to run on.  I have not found a better method thus far.





module OsFunctions

  

  # universal-darwin9.0 shows up for RUBY_PLATFORM on os X leopard with the bundled ruby. 

  # Installing ruby in different manners may give a different result, so beware.

  # Examine the ruby platform yourself. If you see other values please comment

  # in the snippet on dzone and I will add them.



  def is_mac?

    RUBY_PLATFORM.downcase.include?("darwin")

  end



  def is_windows?

     RUBY_PLATFORM.downcase.include?("mswin")

  end



  def is_linux?

     RUBY_PLATFORM.downcase.include?("linux")

  end

end




Call a function on all items in an array and collect responses
Thu, 09 Oct 2008 18:09:53 -0700


# The invisible proxy allows seamless calling of a method on all objects of an array.

# When an array is wrapped (passed into) one of these objects, you can call a function

# on all objects in the array with one line.



# This is not how this works exactly, but a good resource:

#   http://alisdair.mcdiarmid.org/2005/12/20/invisible-proxies-with-ruby



class InvisibleProxyToArray



  instance_methods.each do |m|

    undef_method(m) unless m =~ /(^__|^nil\\?|^send)/

  end

  

  def initialize(collection)

    @collection = collection

  end



  def respond_to?(symbol)

    @collection.first.respond_to?(symbol)

  end

   

  # calls a method on every member of the proxied array

  # and totals the return values

  def total(total_symbol)

    total=0

    @collection.each{|obj|total= total + obj.send(total_symbol)}

    total

  end

  

  

  # gives a string indicating object responses to being sent a symbol (which calls a property or method)

  # summarize(:status) will produce:  running (2), stopping (13)

  def summarize(summarize_symbol)

    msgs=[]

    hsh=hash_by_result(summarize_symbol, @collection)

    hsh.each {|status, resources_arr| msgs     msgs.join(',')

  end

  

  # returns a hash like {"running"=>[a , b], "dead"=>[a]} for :status or other messages

  # where a and b would be resources whose response for :status was "running"

  def hash_by_result(property_symbol,object_array)

    hsh={} 

    object_array.each do |obj|

      hsh[obj.send(property_symbol)] ||= []

      hsh[obj.send(property_symbol)]     end

    hsh

  end

   

  

  private



  def method_missing(method, *args, &block)

    @collection.each {|item| item.send(method, *args, &block)}

  end

  

end




Convert the /etc/services file to XML
Thu, 09 Oct 2008 18:09:53 -0700
This Ruby script simply reads the port numbers from the Linux file /etc/services into a n XML file.





#!/usr/bin/ruby

#file: readportservices.rb



require 'rexml/document'

require 'prettyxml'

include REXML



class ReadPortServices



  def initialize(h)

    @services_filepath = h[:services]

    @xml_filepath = h[:xmlfile]

    main()

  end



  def add_node(doc, port, name, description)

    node = Element.new('port')



    add_child(node, 'number', port)

    add_child(node, 'name', name)

    add_child(node, 'description', description)

    doc.root.elements['records'].add_element node

  end



  def add_child(node,nodename, value)

    newnode = Element.new(nodename)

    newnode.text = value

    node.add_element(newnode)

  end



  def main()

    doc = Document.new('')

    summary_description = ''



    File.readlines(@services_filepath).each do |line|

        next if line[0] == ?# or line =~ /^$/



        name, port, protocol, description = line.match(/(^[a-z][0-9A-Za-z_.+-]*)\s+(\d+)\/(\w+).[^#]+#?.?(.+)?$/).captures

        add_node(doc, port, name, description)

    end



    #puts doc

    file= File.new(@xml_filepath, 'w')

    file.puts doc.pretty

    file.close

  end

end



if __FILE__ == $0 then

  rps = ReadPortServices.new(:services => '/etc/services', :xmlfile => 'service_ports.xml')

end




Scan ports in Ruby
Thu, 09 Oct 2008 18:09:53 -0700
The following code originated from  RubyForge: Simple TCP/IP port scanner: Project Info [rubyforge.org], and then the XML feature for reading and outputting port number information was added.





#!/usr/bin/ruby

#file: portscan.rb



require 'open-uri'

require 'socket'

require 'rexml/document'

include REXML



class PortScanner



  def initialize(host, xmlfileout='portscan_result.xml')

    high = 8192

    service_url = "http://rorbuilder.info/r/service_ports.xml"

    doc_result = main(service_url, host, high)



    File.new(xmlfileout,'w').puts(doc_result)

    

  end



  def main(url, host, high)



    buffer = open(url, "UserAgent" => "Ruby-PortScanner1.0")

    doc = Document.new(buffer)



    doc.root.elements.each('records/port') do |node|

      new_node = Element.new('open')

      new_node.text = 'n'

      node.add_element new_node

    end



    for port in 1 .. high

      begin

	      s = TCPsocket.open(host, port)

        puts 'port ' + port.to_s

        node_port = doc.root.elements["records/port[number='#{port.to_s}']"]

        

        unless node_port.nil? 

          port_name = node_port.elements['name'].text.to_s

          node_port.elements['open'].text = 'y'

        else 

          port_name = 'unknown'

          add_port(:doc => doc , :port => port , :name => port_name, :description => '') 

        end



	      printf "%s/%sopen\t%s\n", port, 'tcp'.ljust(11 - port.to_s.length), port_name



	      s.close

      rescue Errno::ECONNREFUSED

	      next

      end

    end

    return doc

  end



  def add_port(h)

    node_port = Element.new('port')



    add_child(node_port, 'number', h[:port])

    add_child(node_port, 'name', h[:name])

    add_child(node_port, 'description', h[:description])

    h[:doc].root.elements['records'].add_element node_port

  end



  def add_child(node,nodename, value)

    newnode = Element.new(nodename)

    newnode.text = value

    node.add_element(newnode)

  end



end



if __FILE__ == $0 then

  ps = PortScanner.new('192.168.1.106')  

end





screen output:



22/tcp      open        ssh

80/tcp      open        www

443/tcp     open        https

513/tcp     open        login

514/tcp     open        shell

4369/tcp    open        unknown

5222/tcp    open        xmpp-client

5269/tcp    open        xmpp-server

5280/tcp    open        unknown

8000/tcp    open        unknown

8001/tcp    open        unknown



xml output:







  

  

    

      1

      tcpmux

      TCP port service multiplexer

    n

    

      7

      echo

      

    n

    

      7

      echo

      

    n

...

    

      5222

      xmpp-client

      Jabber Client Connection

    y

    

      5222

      xmpp-client

      

    n

    

      5269

      xmpp-server

      Jabber Server Connection

    y

    

      5269

      xmpp-server

      

    n

...

    

      60179

      fido

      fidonet EMSI over TCP

    n

  4369unknownrt>5280unknownort>8000unknownport>8001unknown/port>






Creating a timestamp in Ruby
Wed, 08 Oct 2008 04:54:56 -0700


 # year + month + day + hour + minutes +seconds

 Time.now.strftime("%y%m%d%H%M%S") # => "081008115016"





References:

 - The Perfect Timestamp - almost effortless [almosteffortless.com]



Additional code - Displaying a human friendly elapsed time





def time_ago_or_time_stamp(from_time, to_time = Time.now, include_seconds = true, detail = false)

  from_time = from_time.to_time if from_time.respond_to?(:to_time)

  to_time = to_time.to_time if to_time.respond_to?(:to_time)

  distance_in_minutes = (((to_time - from_time).abs)/60).round

  distance_in_seconds = ((to_time - from_time).abs).round

  case distance_in_minutes

    when 0..1           then time = (distance_in_seconds     when 2..59          then time = "#{distance_in_minutes} minutes ago"

    when 60..90         then time = "1 hour ago"

    when 90..1440       then time = "#{(distance_in_minutes.to_f / 60.0).round} hours ago"

    when 1440..2160     then time = '1 day ago' # 1-1.5 days

    when 2160..2880     then time = "#{(distance_in_minutes.to_f / 1440.0).round} days ago" # 1.5-2 days

    else time = from_time.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y")

  end

  return time_stamp(from_time) if (detail && distance_in_minutes > 2880)

  return time

end





input:

a = Time.now



output:

>> time_ago_or_time_stamp(a)

=> "45 seconds ago"

>> time_ago_or_time_stamp(a)

=> "1 minute ago"

>> time_ago_or_time_stamp(a)

=> "1 minute ago"

>> time_ago_or_time_stamp(a)

=> "2 minutes ago"










Drawing a line in the Maemo app
Tue, 07 Oct 2008 15:54:47 -0700
This script creates a Ruby Maemo application which displays a black diagonal line on a white background..





#! /usr/bin/env ruby

#file: line.rb

require 'hildon'



area = Gtk::DrawingArea.new



area.set_size_request(100,100)

area.signal_connect("expose_event") do

  alloc = area.allocation

  x1 = 100; y1 = 100; x2 = 400; y2 = 200

  area.window.draw_line(area.style.fg_gc(area.state), x1, y1, x2, y2)



end



Gtk::Window.new.add(area).show_all



Gtk.main







You can see the output of the script on the N800 [twitxr.com].



Resources:

 - Gdk::Drawable - Ruby-GNOME2 Project Website [sourceforge.jp]

 - Drawing Primitives [gnome.org]

 - Gtk::DrawingArea - Ruby-GNOME2 Project Website [sourceforge.jp]


Display images in a Ruby Maemo application
Tue, 07 Oct 2008 14:54:18 -0700
This code was copied from the Gtk::DrawingArea - Ruby-GNOME2 Project Website [sourceforge.jp]





#! /usr/bin/env ruby

#file: image2.rb

require 'hildon'



program = Hildon::Program.instance

window = program.add_window Hildon::Window.new

image = Gtk::Image.new("myfile.png")

event_box = Gtk::EventBox.new.add(image)

event_box.signal_connect("button_press_event") do

  puts "Clicked."

end

window.add event_box

window.show_all

Gtk.main





You can see from the output on the N800 [twitxr.com] what the image looks like.



Resources:

 - Gtk Image - UsercbWiki [user-contributions.org]

 - Gtk::Image - Ruby-GNOME2 Project Website [sourceforge.jp]


Capturing mouse movement from a Ruby Maemo application
Tue, 07 Oct 2008 14:54:18 -0700
This script simply displays an image and captures the movement of the stylus on the screen. 





#! /usr/bin/env ruby

#file: mousemove2.rb

require 'hildon'



program = Hildon::Program.instance

window = program.add_window Hildon::Window.new

image = Gtk::Image.new("myfile.png")

event_box = Gtk::EventBox.new.add(image)



event_box.signal_connect('motion_notify_event') do |item,  event|

  puts 'x: '  + event.x.to_s + '  y: ' + event.y.to_s

end



event_box.signal_connect("button_press_event") do

  puts "Clicked."

end



window.add event_box

window.show_all

Gtk.main







output (while moving the stylus along the path of a black squiggle on the screen [twitxr.com]) :



Clicked.

...

x: 479.0  y: 128.0

x: 479.0  y: 128.0

x: 479.0  y: 128.0

x: 480.0  y: 129.0

x: 480.0  y: 129.0

x: 480.0  y: 129.0

x: 482.0  y: 129.0

x: 486.0  y: 128.0

x: 488.0  y: 128.0

x: 488.0  y: 126.0

x: 488.0  y: 128.0

x: 488.0  y: 128.0



Note: The stylus touch-screen behaves almost the same as the mouse except the stylus has to impact on to the device to make movement which triggers a 'clicked' event to begin with.



Resouces:

 - Ruby/GTK Object Hierarchy - Ruby-GNOME2 Project Website [sourceforge.jp]

 - [ruby-talk:22225] ruby-gtk: freq of mouse events: linux vs win nt [nagaokaut.ac.jp]

 - Ruby/GTK Programming (signals) [sourceforge.net]

 - Object Hierarchy [gnome.org]

 - hildon-libs 0.14.11 Reference Manual [maemo.org]


Drawing an ellipsis in a Ruby Maemo application
Tue, 07 Oct 2008 13:54:26 -0700
This code was copied from the Gtk::DrawingArea - Ruby-GNOME2 Project Website [sourceforge.jp]





#! /usr/bin/env ruby

#file: elipse.rb

require 'hildon'



area = Gtk::DrawingArea.new



area.set_size_request(100,100)

area.signal_connect("expose_event") do

  alloc = area.allocation

  area.window.draw_arc(area.style.fg_gc(area.state), true, 

                       0, 0, alloc.width, alloc.height, 0, 64 * 360) 

end



Gtk::Window.new.add(area).show_all



Gtk.main







You can see from the output on the N800 [twitxr.com] which shows a black ellipsis.


Adding a 2nd level menu to a Ruby Maemo application
Tue, 07 Oct 2008 09:56:31 -0700
Here is a script to run a Ruby Maemo application which has a scroll bar and a 2nd level menu box.  The first level menu box would be application's control menu box.





#! /usr/bin/env ruby

#file: menu2.rb



#require 'gtk'

require 'hildon'



program = Hildon::Program.instance



#window = Gtk::Window.new(Gtk::WINDOW_TOPLEVEL)

window = program.add_window Hildon::Window.new



mbar = Gtk::MenuBar.new

filemitem = Gtk::MenuItem.new('File')

filemitem.show

filemenu = Gtk::Menu.new

item1 = Gtk::MenuItem.new('Open')

item1.show

filemenu.add item1

item2 = Gtk::MenuItem.new('Save')

item2.show

filemenu.add item2

item3 = Gtk::MenuItem.new('Quit')

item3.show

filemenu.add item3

filemitem.set_submenu filemenu

mbar.append filemitem

mbar.show



vadj = Gtk::Adjustment.new(0,0,0,0,0,0)



vs = Gtk::VScrollbar.new(vadj)





hbox = Gtk::HBox.new(false, 0)



hbox.pack_start vs, false, false, 0



vbox = Gtk::VBox.new(false, 0)

vbox.pack_start mbar, false, false, 0

vbox.pack_start hbox, true, true, 0

vbox.show



window.add vbox



vs.show

hbox.show

window.show

Gtk.main







You can see from the output on the N800 [twitxr.com] as I selected an item from the menu box'.



Resources:

 - Adding a text entry box in a Ruby Maemo application [dzone.com]

 - Ruby/Gtk Programming [sourceforge.net]


Adding a file selection dialog window to a Ruby Maemo application
Tue, 07 Oct 2008 09:56:31 -0700
Run a Ruby Maemo application which displays the system's file selection dialog box.





#! /usr/bin/env ruby

#file: fileselection.rb



#require 'gtk'

require 'hildon'



program = Hildon::Program.instance



fs = Gtk::FileSelection.new('File Selection Example')

fs.show



Gtk.main





You can see from the output on the N800 [twitxr.com] as I viewed the File Selection Example dialog box'.



Resources:

 - Adding a text entry box in a Ruby Maemo application [dzone.com]

 - Ruby/Gtk Programming [sourceforge.net]


Adding a text entry box in a Ruby Maemo application
Tue, 07 Oct 2008 08:54:12 -0700
Here is a script to run a Ruby Maemo application which has a text entry box.  There's nothing special about this code other than it uses 'hildon' instead of Gtk. 



The only code changes from the original Ruby GTK code was to comment out the gtk include file and the Gtk Window.new statement.





#! /usr/bin/env ruby

#file: entry.rb



#require 'gtk'

require 'hildon'



program = Hildon::Program.instance



#window = Gtk::Window.new(Gtk::WINDOW_TOPLEVEL)

window = program.add_window Hildon::Window.new



label = Gtk::Label.new('Name:')

entry = Gtk::Entry.new

entry.set_text('John')

box = Gtk::HBox.new(false, 0)

box.pack_start label, true, true, 5

box.pack_start entry, true, true, 5

label.show

entry.show



entry.signal_connect('activate') {|widget|

  print "Your name is #{entry.get_text}\n"

}



window.add(box)

box.show

window.show

Gtk.main





You can see from the output on the N800 [twitxr.com] as I replaced the entry value 'John' with 'Jim'.



Resources:

 - エントリウィジェットとコンボウィジェット - Ruby/Gtk Programming [sourceforge.net]

 - Hello World in Ruby/GTK [sourceforge.net]


Adding a combo box to a Ruby Maemo application
Tue, 07 Oct 2008 08:54:12 -0700
Here is a script to run a Ruby Maemo application which has a combo box.





#! /usr/bin/env ruby

#file: combo.rb



#require 'gtk'

require 'hildon'



program = Hildon::Program.instance



#window = Gtk::Window.new(Gtk::WINDOW_TOPLEVEL)

window = program.add_window Hildon::Window.new



combo = Gtk::Combo.new

combo.set_popdown_strings(['http://www.netlab.co.jp/ruby/',

			    'http://ruby.freak.ne.jp/'])

combo.entry.set_text ''

window.add(combo)

combo.show

window.show

Gtk.main





You can see from the output on the N800 [twitxr.com] as I selected an item from the combo box'.



Resources:

 - Adding a text entry box in a Ruby Maemo application [dzone.com]

 - エントリウィジェットとコンボウィジェット - Ruby/Gtk Programming [sourceforge.net]

 - Hello World in Ruby/GTK [sourceforge.net]