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Using Cluster Disk Data in MySQL? 5.1

Wed, 13 Aug 2008 19:13:00 -0700

[HoneyMonitor is a MySQL? GUI Tool for Windows? Systems. Server Administration, Database and Database Objects Administration, Code Development, Server Monitoring, Performance Monitoring, Performance Auditing. Read more on http://www.honeysoftware.com/]

Introduction
Log File Group & UndoFiles
TableSpaces & DataFiles
Cluster Disk Objects Metadata
Creating Cluster Disk Tables
Dropping Cluster Disk Data Objects
The Cluster Monitor
Cluster Disk Data Limitations
Cluster Disk Data Quiz
Other Resources

1. Introduction

Cluster Disk Data is a new feature of MySQL? 5.1. Beginning with MySQL? 5.1.6, in fact, it is possible to store the non-indexed columns of NDBCLUSTER tables on disk, rather than in RAM this allowing MySQL? Cluster to scale upward with fewer RAM requirements than previously.

This is a short tutorial on the features implemented in HoneyMonitor for the use and administration of Cluster Disk Data Objects . It could be useful for Users who are new to the product and want to get start with it or to whom want to learn the basis of Cluster Disk Data in MySQL? 5.1.

For more information about Cluster Disk Data, please visit http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/mysql-cluster-disk-data.html, while, if you want to learn more on HoneyMonitor, please visit its Project Home Page at http://www.honeysoftware.com/honeymonitor.

For this tutorial we will suppose you have a MySQL? Cluster up and running and we will connect to the Linux machine, from HoneyMonitor, through a SSH Tunneling connection.

If you are new to MySQL? Cluster and want to set up a testbed (all nodes on localhost), you can use this very useful configuration tool (created by Johan Andersson) or, if you want to do a more complicated (but nice) exercise, you can set up the Cluster in 4 Solaris? Zones (a tutorial can be found here).

For our Tutorial, we will follow the following steps:

Create a LogFile Group
Add one more UndoFile to the LogFile Group
Create a TableSpace that uses the LogFile Group just created
Add one more DataFile to the TableSpace
Create a Cluster Disk Table

You can skip steps no. 2 and 4 as they are just to practise.

2. Log File Group & UndoFiles

The LogFile Group Editor (Fig. 1) allows you create / edit / drop a LogFile Group.

Fig. 1: Creating a LogFile Group

It implements the following Data Definitions Statements:

1) [http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/create-logfile-group.html]

CREATE LOGFILE GROUP logfile_group
    ADD UNDOFILE ‘undo_file’
    [INITIAL_SIZE [=] initial_size]
    [UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE [=] undo_buffer_size]
    [REDO_BUFFER_SIZE [=] redo_buffer_size]
    [NODEGROUP [=] nodegroup_id]
    [WAIT]
    [COMMENT [=] comment_text]
    ENGINE [=] engine_name

2) [http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/alter-logfile-group.html]

ALTER LOGFILE GROUP logfile_group
    ADD UNDOFILE ‘file_name’
    [INITIAL_SIZE [=] size]
    [WAIT]
    ENGINE [=] engine_name

3) [http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/drop-logfile-group.html]

DROP LOGFILE GROUP logfile_group
ENGINE [=] engine_name

As you can see from Fig. 1, some options are disabled as they are parsed but not yet implemented by the MySQL? Server.

An UndoFile is required for the LogFile Group creation. In our example we will use an UndoFile named ‘undofile1′.

After the creation of the LogFile Group the Tabs ‘UndoFiles’ and SQL will be enabled (Fig. 2, 3, 4).

Fig. 2: LogFile Group Editor - Advanced Tab

Fig. 3: LogFile Group Editor - UndoFiles Tab

Fig. 4: LogFile Group Editor - SQL Tab

In the UndoFiles Tab you can see UndoFiles’ details or you can create one more UndoFile, using the Add UndoFile Dialog (Fig. 5).

Fig. 5: Add UndoFile Dialog

The SQL Tab contains the SQL statements to be executed for re-creating the LogFile Group (and all its UndoFiles!).

Note: you can’t delete UndoFiles.

Note 2: beginning with MySQL? 5.1.8, you can have only one LogFile Group per Cluster at any given time (see Bug#16386).

Let’s now create a TableSpace that uses the LogFile Group just created.

3. TableSpaces & DataFiles

The TableSpace Editor (Fig. 6) allows you create / edit / drop TableSpaces.

Fig. 6: Creating a TableSpace

It implements the following Data Definitions Statements:

1) [http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/create-tablespace.html]

CREATE TABLESPACE tablespace_name
    ADD DATAFILE ‘file_name’
    USE LOGFILE GROUP logfile_group
    [EXTENT_SIZE [=] extent_size]
    [INITIAL_SIZE [=] initial_size]
    [AUTOEXTEND_SIZE [=] autoextend_size]
    [MAX_SIZE [=] max_size]
    [NODEGROUP [=] nodegroup_id]
    [WAIT]
    [COMMENT [=] comment_text]
    ENGINE [=] engine_name

2) [http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/alter-tablespace.html]

ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace_name
    {ADD|DROP} DATAFILE ‘file_name’
    [INITIAL_SIZE [=] size]
    [WAIT]
    ENGINE [=] engine_name

3) [http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/drop-tablespace.html]

DROP TABLESPACE tablespace_name
ENGINE [=] engine_name

Note: The Editor can be used to create both NDBCLUSTER and FALCON TableSpaces. When creating FALCON TableSpaces, the ‘LogFile Group’ option isn’t visible.

As you can see from Fig. 6, some options are disabled as they are parsed but not yet implemented by the MySQL? Server.

A DataFile is required for the TableSpace creation. In our example we will use a DataFile named ‘datafile-11′.

After the creation of the TableSpace the Tabs ‘DataFiles’ and SQL will be enabled (Fig. 7, 8, 9).

Fig. 7: TableSpace Editor - Advanced Tab

Fig. 8: TableSpace Editor - DataFiles Tab

Fig. 9: TableSpace Editor - SQL Tab

In the DataFiles Tab you can see DataFiles’ details or you can create one more DataFile, using the Add DataFile Dialog (Fig. 10). You can also drop a DataFile.

Fig. 10: Add DataFile Dialog

The SQL Tab contains the SQL statements to be executed for re-creating the TableSpace (and all its DataFiles!).

4. Cluster Disk Objects Metadata

The source for Cluster Disk Object Metadata in MySQL? 5.1 is the information_schema.files table. I’ll try to post a more detailed article on Disk Object Metadata later on.

In the HoneyMonitor’s Metadata Catalog there is a visualization dedicated to Cluster Disk Objects (Fig. 11).

Fig. 11: Metadata Catalog - Cluster Disk Objects

That visualization is very useful to know, with just a look, the Cluster Disk Objects’ hierarchy. You can use popup menus to create / edit / drop the objects.

5. Creating Cluster Disk Tables

Now that our TableSpace has been created, we can create a Cluster Disk Table. We can use the command line client

CREATE TABLE my_disk_data_table (
….
)
TABLESPACE tablespace1 STORAGE DISK
ENGINE = NDBCLUSTER;

or the Create Table Wizard (Fig. 12).

Fig. 12: Creating a Cluster Disk Table

6. Dropping Cluster Disk Data Objects

Please, note that there are particular rules for dropping Cluster Disk Data Objects. You have to follow a logical order. For more information, please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/mysql-cluster-disk-data-objects.html.

7. The Cluster Monitor

The Cluster Monitor (Fig. 13) allows you to monitor the status of your Cluster.

Fig. 13: The Cluster Monitor

At this stage of development it’s a simple (but useful) Window which shows information about the NDB Engine Status (at a glance or category by category) and the status, dynamic and system variables of the Server related to Cluster.

We plan to add new features for Cluster Management and Monitoring in HoneyMonitor, so stay tuned!

8. Cluster Disk Data Limitations

Disk Data Objects are subject to the following maximums:

Maximum number of TableSpaces: 2^32 (4294967296)
Maximum number of DataFiles per TableSpace: 2^16 (65535)
The theoretical maximum number of extents per TableSpace data file is 2^16 (65525); however, for practical purposes, the recommended maximum number of extents per DataFile is 2^8 (32768).
Maximum DataFile size: The theoretical limit is 64G; however, in MySQL? 5.1, the practical upper limit is 32G. This is equivalent to 32768 extents of 1M each.The minimum and maximum possible sizes of extents for TableSpace data files are 32K and 2G, respectively.

For known limitations of MySQL Cluster, please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/mysql-cluster-limitations.html.

9. Cluster Disk Data Quiz

Create a LogFile Group, some TableSpaces and some Cluster Disk Tables. Then choose a TableSpace and write a query to find the list of the tables which are using that TableSpace.

10. Other Resources

It’s now time to close this article. If you want to learn more on HoneyMonitor please visit the Project Home Page, at http://www.honeysoftware.com/honeymonitor, or check out one of the following resources:

Enjoy your MySQL? Cluster!

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Using Federated Servers in MySQL? 5.1

Fri, 01 Aug 2008 04:07:31 -0700

[HoneyMonitor is a MySQL? GUI Tool for Windows? Systems. Server Administration, Database and Database Objects Administration, Code Development, Server Monitoring, Performance Monitoring, Performance Auditing. Read more on http://www.honeysoftware.com]

This is a short tutorial on the features implemented in HoneyMonitor for the use and administration of Federated Servers . It could be useful for Users who are new to the product and want to get start with it or to whom want to learn the basis of Federated Servers in MySQL? 5.1

More details on the HoneyMonitor Reference Manual at http://www.honeysoftware.com/honeymonitor/doc.

Introduction
Federated Server Metadata
Retrieving the list of Federated Servers
The Federated Server Editor
Creating a Federated Table Using the Create Table Wizard
Other Resources
About the Author

1. Introduction

Starting from MySQL? v.5.1.15-beta you can use the CREATE / ALTER / DROP SERVER syntax to manage your Federated Servers.

This can help you creating a FEDERATED table in a fast and more efficient way. In fact if you first create a Federated Server using the CREATE SERVER syntax, then you can create a federated table using the following simple create table option

CONNECTION = ‘federated_server_name’

instead of the longer

CONNECTION = ‘mysql://user_name [:password]@host_name[:port_num] /db_name/tbl_name’

Note that starting from version 5.1.26-rc, the FEDERATED storage engine is disabled by default in binary distributions. The engine is still available and can be enabled by starting the server with the –federated option.

For more information about Federated Server, please visit http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/federated-storage-engine.html.

2. Federated Server Metadata

In the database mysql there is a table - mysql.servers ? where all the information about the Federated Servers are stored:

mysql> SELECT * FROM mysql.servers LIMIT 1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Server_name: server1
       Host: localhost
         Db: mysql
   Username: root
   Password:
       Port: 6005
     Socket:
    Wrapper: mysql
      Owner:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3. Retrieving the list of Federated Servers

Federated Servers are listed in the Federated Servers node of the Server Objects List (Fig. 1).

Fig.1: Server Objects List - Federated Servers

You can create / edit / drop a Federated Server using node’s popup menu.

4. The Federated Server Editor

The Federated Server Editor (Fig. 2), allows you to create / edit a Federated Server.

Fig. 2: The Federated Server Editor - Advanced Tab

You have to set the server name and (at least) one option to create a Federated Server.

After you set the Server’s parameters you can click on the button ‘Test Connection’ to test the connection to the MySQL? Server.

After the creation of the Server, the SQL Tab (Fig. 3) ? now enabled - will contain the SQL syntax for recreating the current Server.

Fig. 3: The Federated Server Editor - SQL Tab

5. Creating a Federated Table Using the Create Table Wizard

The Create Table Wizard helps you creating tables in a simply and fast way (Fig. 4).

Fig. 4: The Create Table Wizard

The Wizard includes a ‘Connection’ option; when creating a Federated Table you can fill it with the connection string (’mysql://user_name[:password]@ host_name [:port_num]/db_name/tbl_name’) or just with the name of the Federated Server you created with Federated Server Editor.

By clicking on button at the right of the ‘Connection’ field, the Federated Server List will be opened thus helping you choosing an existing Federated Server - without the need of writing its name - or creating one more (Fig. 5).

Fig. 5: The Federated Server List

6. Other Resources

If you want to learn more on HoneyMonitor please visit the Project Home Page, at http://www.honeysoftware.com/honeymonitor, or check out one of the following resources:

7. About the Author

Santo Leto is a two years experience MySQL? DBA and Developer.
Leader and main programmer of the HoneyMonitor Project, he graduated in physics and he lives in Italy, where he works from home.

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